Background
A credit card allows consumers to buy products or services without cash and pay for it later. To qualify for this type of credit, the consumer must open an account with a bank or company that sponsors the card. And then get a line of credit with a specific dollar amount. You can use the card to make purchases from participating shops until you reach that limit. Each month offers a Bill Shepherd, a line card activity during the previous 30 days. Depending on the terms of the card, the customer can pay interest on the amount you were paying on a monthly basis. Also, credit cards may be sponsored by big retailers (such as clothing or department stores) or by banks or companies (such as visa or American Express).
Credit cards are a relatively recent development. Visa, for example, dates back to 1958 when Bank of America started its BankAmericard program. In the mid-1960s, Bank of America began to license banks in the United States the right to issue its own BankAmericards. In 1977 the Visa name has been adopted internationally to cover all these cards. Credit card Visa became the first to be recognized throughout the world.
Banks and corporate sponsors for profit credit cards in three ways. Primarily because they make money from interest payments imposed on the unpaid balance, but it can also make money by charging an annual fee to use the card. Income from these fees, which is usually only $ 50 or $ 75 per client per year, can be significant given that large companies have tens of millions of customers. In addition, the providers make money by charging merchants a small percentage of income to service the card. This arrangement is acceptable to traders because they can allow their customers pay by credit card instead of cash claims. The trader makes arrangements for participation in a credit card with a bank trader, who works with the Bank that issued the card. Commercial Bank determines what percentage of the total value of purchases must be paid by the merchant to the Bank that issued the card. The amount varies depending on the size and type of business, but generally is between 1-2%. A portion of this amount is retained by a commercial bank as transaction processing fee. For companies like American Express that sponsor cards, processing fee may be much higher. Moreover, has the Cowboys generate income through rental equipment check credit cards for merchants (especially if traders can't afford to buy the equipment themselves.) And, finally, the profit had patrons by charging late payment service.
Design
Credit cards are designed with complex security features to prevent potential fraud. These features include a number of card account, sign it, and magnetic tape. Unique card account number is a key part of the information necessary to conduct financial transactions, and must be carefully protected. To prevent anyone from using the wrong account number, or making a false number, companies rely on the laws of statistics. Using the long account numbers that make it unlikely that it can be forged. For example, Visa card has 13 digits, American Express has 15, Diners 14, MasterCard has 20. Mathematically, the nine digits provide unique numbers 1 billion expense (000 million, 000000001, 0000000002, and so forth until 999999999) which will be sufficient for all clients of a particular company. (The biggest companies, visa and MasterCard, only have about 65 million customers.) If set only 65 million number out of possible 10000000000000 possibilities, it is unlikely that anyone will be able to use another account number by mistake. If you enter incorrect account number by mistake by an employee in the store, and almost certainly not be accepted. This gives companies the confidence statistical security there are several when doing business over the phone. Of course, this security measure does not help if someone gets a real number and used fraudulently.
Other feature includes security design signature panel on the back of the card. And aims to sign a document by hand so that the owner can detect the forged signature on receipt. To prevent criminals erase the Backboard from the stolen card and put on their signature, print design with a fingerprint is difficult to replicate and which will bear fruit when the original signature is cleared. If the signature is cleared, this design disappear leaving very white spot, which shows immediately the card was tampered with. Some card manufacturers imprint the word void under the group, which revealed the erasure.
The magnetic strip on the back of the card the third safety feature. The tape is coated with iron oxide particles that can be encoded with binary information, which identifies authentic card. It is difficult to determine exactly what information is encoded on the tape for security reasons companies do not want to discuss this. However, it is likely that the expiry date of the card is one recorded on tape for ATM (ATM) will retain the expired cards. It is unlikely that information such as your credit limit and address, telephone number, employer, be recorded on tape because banks don't reissue cards when changing this kind of information.
Finally, some special features feature cards that make it hard for them to repeat like complex 3D images.
Raw materials
Made of several layers of plastic cards packaged together. Usually consist of a plastic resin core, known as polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA). This resin is mixed with shady materials, dyes, plastics to give them proper appearance and consistency. These basic materials unwrapped with thin layers of PVCA or clear plastic material. These slices stick when applied with pressure and heat.
And use a variety of inks or dyes to also print credit cards. It is available in a variety of colors and are designed for use on plastic substrates. Some manufacturers use special magnetic inks to print the magnetic strip on the back of the card. Made of inks by dispersing metal oxide particles in suitable solvents. Additional printing processes involved for cards, such as visa, which features 3D images.
Making
The process
The manufacturing process consists of several steps: first compounded plastic laminate base material encapsulated in paper format. And is printed with the appropriate information. Next slide is applied to the core. Finally, the paper is cut assembled in individual cards.
Plastic molding compounds
1 made of plastic to the background paper about melting and mixing polyvinyl chloride acetate with other additives. Blended items are moved to the extrusion molding machine, which forces the molten plastic through a small opening flat known as die. It comes out the paper die, it goes through a series of three reels stacked on top of each other to pull the sheet along. These rollers keep the flat sheet and keep the paper exits and die, it goes through a series of three reels stacked on top of each other to pull the sheet along. These rollers keep the flat sheet and maintain the correct thickness. Then you may pass papers through additional cooling units before you cut into a separate piece of paper.
It comes out the paper die, it goes through a series of three reels stacked on top of each other to pull the sheet along. These rollers keep the flat sheet and maintain the correct thickness. Then you may pass papers through additional cooling units before you cut into a separate piece of paper.
The proper thickness. Then you may pass papers through additional cooling units before you cut into separate sheet of saws, scissors, or a hot wire. Paper cut in the Sheet Stacker stacks of them in place and stored for subsequent operations.
2 made of laminate film used to coat the arrow through a similar ejection. These films can be made thinner with the open casting process of dying that spreads the molten plastic film reel casting. Define reel film thickness and width. Cool movies stored on rolls to become ready for use.
Printed
3 basic plastic card is printed with text and graphics. This is done by using a variety of common silk screen operations. In addition, one of the sheet and can also undergo subsequent operations where it is printed with magnetic ink. Alternatively, you can add the magnetic strip on the method of hot stamping. Magnetic heads used to encrypt and decrypt the iron oxide particles can only work if the magnetic medium close to the surface of the card, so the metal particles must be put on top layer Laminating. Upon completion of the printing process, and is willing to be coated.
Plating
4 lamination helps to protect the finish of the card and increases its strength. In this process, paper is fed from the underlying securities through a system of pulleys. And fall a roll of stock laminate over and under securities. These lists feed the sheet into vacuum shoes along with the stock. Void carries three pieces of plastic together as they travel to change direction. Tacking station a pair of Quartz infrared heat lamps warm the upper and lower plastic films. Supports these lamps with reflectors to concentrate the radioactive energy on a narrow area of film, which improves the smooth bonding film to inventory. Then the entire laminate films are bonded to the inventory by pressing metal corridors, which are heated to 266 degrees Fahrenheit (130 degrees) and applied with pressure of 166 lbs/square inch. This process may take up to 3 minutes plating.
Die cutting and embossing
5 after completion of lamination, final assembly is cut and finish the cut ways to die. Each association produces paper, cut into 63 credit cards. This is achieved by cutting for the first time assemble longitudinally to form seven elongated departments. Each of the seven sections are then cut and refinement to form nine credit cards. In subsequent operations, embossed card with account numbers. Then be prepared for shipping finished cards, usually by attaching to e-mail card adhesive paper
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